Este script serve para fazer backups periódicos no estilo máquina do tempo (Time Machine OSX). Ele é executado a partir de uma máquina central. Essa máquina acessa outras máquinas via rsync + ssh.

Por utilizar hard-links, os backups não crescem muito.

Caso se deseje a cópia exata de um "repositório" num dia específico, basta procurar a pasta correspondente, desde que o backup tenha sido feito nesse dia.

Anexei um arquivo compactado contendo todos os arquivos necessários para rodar o script, inclusive um tutorial em PDF.

• Download 6194.rsync-backup_ARQUIVOS.zip
• Enviar nova versão

Versão 2 - Enviado por Fabio Lima em 09/04/2015

Changelog: Acrescentei informações no PDF que acompanha o script.

Download rsync-backup.tar.gz

Esconder código-fonte

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# rsync-backup
# Makes backups of local and remote hosts using rsync.
# 
# Author: Fabio Lima
# Date: 2015-03-28
# 

# Checks if the three parameters are supplied
if [ -n "${1}" -a -n "${2}" -a -n "${3}" ];
then
   SRC_HOST="${1}";
   SRC_REPO="${2}";
   SRC_DIR="${3}";
else
   echo -e "HOW TO USE:\nrsync-backup HOST REPOSITORY PATH";
   exit 1;
fi;

# Default backup directory. See example:
# RSYNC_DIR="/mnt/backup/Automático/rsync-backup";
RSYNC_DIR="/PATH/TO/rsync-backup";

# Default backup user.
RSYNC_USER="rsync-backup";

# Special directories names.
# You can change it if you want.
LAST_LABEL="ultimo";
FULL_LABEL="completo";
REMOVED_LABEL="removido";

DATE=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d");
TIME=$(date "+%Hh%M");

HOST_DIR="${RSYNC_DIR}/${SRC_HOST}";
REPO_DIR="${HOST_DIR}/${SRC_REPO}";
DEST_DIR="${REPO_DIR}/${DATE}";

DEST_FULL_DIR="${DEST_DIR}/${FULL_LABEL}";
DEST_REMOVED_DIR="${DEST_DIR}/${REMOVED_LABEL}-${TIME}";

LAST_DEST_DIR="${REPO_DIR}/${LAST_LABEL}";
LAST_FULL_DIR="${LAST_DEST_DIR}/${FULL_LABEL}";

RSYNC_LOG="${REPO_DIR}/rsync.log";
SCRIPT_LOG="${REPO_DIR}/rsync-backup.log";

# Checks if the source host is the local host.
# If it is a remote host, rsync uses SSH authentication.
if [ "${SRC_HOST}" = "$(hostname)" ];
then
   RSYNC_SSH_LOGIN="";
else
   RSYNC_SSH_LOGIN="${RSYNC_USER}@${SRC_HOST}:";
fi;

# Changes multiple spaces and tabs for single spaces
function fn_single_spaced {
   STR="${1}";
   
   echo "${STR}" | tr -s '\t ' '  ';
}

# Makes a directory if it doesnt exist
function fn_make_dir {
   NEW_DIR="${1}";

   MKDIR_COMMAND=$(fn_single_spaced \
   "mkdir -p \"${NEW_DIR}\";"); 

   if [ ! -d "${NEW_DIR}" ];
   then   
      echo ${MKDIR_COMMAND};
      bash -c "${MKDIR_COMMAND}";
   fi;
}

# Copies files using hard links
function fn_link_copy {
   COPY_SRC="${1}";
   COPY_DEST="${2}";

   COPY_COMMAND=$(fn_single_spaced \
   "cp --archive --link \"${COPY_SRC}/\"* \"${COPY_DEST}\";");

       if [ -n "${COPY_SRC}" -a -d "${COPY_SRC}" ];
       then
      echo ${COPY_COMMAND} &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
      bash -c "${COPY_COMMAND}" &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
       fi;
}

# Removes empty directories.
function fn_remove_empty_dirs {
   DIR="${1}";

   FIND_COMMAND="find \"${DIR}\" -type d -empty -delete;";
   RMDIR_COMMAND="rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty \"${DIR}\";";

   if [ -n "${DIR}" -a -d "${DIR}" ];
   then
      echo ${FIND_COMMAND}  &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}"; 
      bash -c "${FIND_COMMAND}" &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
      
      #echo ${RMDIR_COMMAND} # &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}"; 
      #bash -c "${RMDIR_COMMAND}"# &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   fi;
}

# Checks if there are changes to be transfered
function fn_has_changes {

   RSYNC_COMMAND=$(fn_single_spaced \
   "rsync --dry-run --archive --relative --itemize-changes \
   --cvs-exclude --exclude=\".*\" --exclude=\".*/\" \
   ${RSYNC_SSH_LOGIN}\"${SRC_DIR}\" \
   \"${LAST_FULL_DIR}\";");
   
   if [ -d "${LAST_FULL_DIR}" ];
   then
      echo ${RSYNC_COMMAND} &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
      RESULT=$(bash -c "${RSYNC_COMMAND}" );


      if [ -n "${RESULT}" ];
      then
         echo 1;
      else 
         echo 0;
      fi;
   else 
      echo 1;
   fi;
}

# Core function of this script
function fn_rsync_backup {

   RSYNC_COMMAND=$(fn_single_spaced \
   "rsync --archive --relative --itemize-changes \
   --cvs-exclude --exclude=\".*\" --exclude=\".*/\" \
   --compress --verbose --delete --backup \
   --log-file=\"${RSYNC_LOG}\" \
   --backup-dir=\"${DEST_REMOVED_DIR}\" \
   ${RSYNC_SSH_LOGIN}\"${SRC_DIR}\" \
   \"${DEST_FULL_DIR}\";");

   SYMLINK_COMMAND=$(fn_single_spaced \
   "ln --symbolic --relative --force --no-dereference \
   \"${DEST_DIR}\" \"${LAST_DEST_DIR}\";");

   # Create destination directories
   fn_make_dir "${DEST_FULL_DIR}" &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   fn_make_dir "${DEST_REMOVED_DIR}" &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";

   # Hard link copy last full directory to new full directory
   fn_link_copy "${LAST_FULL_DIR}" "${DEST_FULL_DIR}";

   # Transfer changes using rsync
   echo ${RSYNC_COMMAND} &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   bash -c "${RSYNC_COMMAND}" &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";

   # Make simbolic link to new full directory 
   echo ${SYMLINK_COMMAND} &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   bash -c "${SYMLINK_COMMAND}" &>> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";

   # Remove empty directories
   fn_remove_empty_dirs "${DEST_REMOVED_DIR}";

}

function fn_main {

   MK_REPO=$(fn_make_dir "${REPO_DIR}");

   START_DATE=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");
   echo "---------------------------------" >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   echo START SCRIPT: ${START_DATE} >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   echo "---------------------------------" >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   
   if [ -n "${REPO_DIR}" ];
   then
      echo "${MK_REPO}" >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   fi;

   # Starts transfer only if there are chenges
   if [ "$(fn_has_changes)" -eq 1 ];
   then
      fn_rsync_backup;
   else
      echo "No changes." >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   fi; 

   END_DATE=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S");
   echo "---------------------------------" >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   echo END SCRIPT: ${END_DATE} >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   echo "---------------------------------" >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
   echo -e "\n\n" >> "${SCRIPT_LOG}";
}

fn_main;

clonagem de disco

limpa_bkp.sh

Backup com a ferramenta tar

BTRFS - Gerenciamento de snapshot por quantidade

limpa_bkp_segunda_feira

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